True/False Chapter 6
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false.
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1.
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“Stops” are defined as events that violate individuals’
reasonable expectations of privacy.
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2.
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Police officers cannot stop and frisk suspects even if they have reasonable
suspicion
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3.
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Probable cause must be established before an arrest warrant is
issued
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4.
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The clause protecting against unreasonable search and seizure is found in the
Fifth Amendment.
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5.
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The majority of searches take place without a warrant
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6.
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Chapter 7
The United States has a dual court system
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7.
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Most criminal cases are heard at
the federal level.
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8.
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United States courts use
the adversarial process to determine guilt in a criminal court.
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9.
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The geographic territory over
which a court has authority is known as its jurisdiction.
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10.
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Trial courts of general jurisdiction handle only misdemeanors and lawsuits for
small amounts of money
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11.
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Pretrial motions can be used by
the defense to challenge the prosecution’s evidence.
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12.
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The criterion for deciding if evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest is
called probable cause.
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13.
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Most felony cases are disposed
of by dismissals.
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14.
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The Eighth Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution forbids the use of excessive bail.
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15.
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Bail is typically determined
within three hours after the arrest.
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16.
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Punishments rarely reflect the dominant values of a moment in history.
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17.
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The saying "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" exemplifies the
philosophy of retributive justice
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18.
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. One drawback to the deterrence model of punishment is that it assumes
criminals weigh the costs and benefits of crime.
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19.
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Selective incapacitation is used to incarcerate career criminals for longer
periods of time than other criminals
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20.
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Restorative justice programs in
Vermont include alternative
punishments, public apologies, restitution, and interaction between offenders and victims seek to advance both accountability
and restoration.
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21.
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Throughout the history of the
United States, ideas about punishment have remained roughly the same.
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22.
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Prior to 1800, Americans
followed the same general standards of correction that were practiced in Europe, which included
physical punishment such as flogging.
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23.
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The basic principles of the
Pennsylvania system included an emphasis upon the social interaction among prisoners.
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24.
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Under the New York system, prisoners produced goods for sale to cover operating
costs.
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25.
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Under the lease system, prisoners were “leased” to private companies
for labor.
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